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[small knowledge of foreign trade] foreign trade necessary knowledge of shipping
Aug 03,2023
Shipping has always been closely related to international trade. Today, let's talk about shipping.
Recently, globally importantShippingRoutes have fallen sharply. According to the news released by the Shanghai Shipping Exchange on February 18, the freight rates of many routes such as European routes and Australia and New Zealand routes have declined.ShippingPrices directly affect the trade cost and order demand of large consumer goods in China.
In this regard, expert analysis believes that due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, rising oil prices, epidemics and other factors, shipping prices rose sharply in 2022, in 2023, shipping prices will gradually return to normal levels, China's large household appliances, home, bicycles and other large consumer goods overseas orders and exports will gradually pick up.
In global trade, shipping occupies a very large market, and the demand is stable and huge. From a global perspective, maritime transport is one of the most important modes of transport in international commodity exchange, and the proportion of cargo transport in total international cargo transport is about 80%. domestically, about 95 percent of china's international trade volume is carried out by sea,ShippingIt is currently the largest mode of transportation in China's foreign trade.
Calculation of sea freight
Foreign trade sea freight generally has two ways: the first kind of whole container sea freight calculation, the whole container sea freight = basic sea freight surcharge.
1
FCL calculation
Full boxShippingFee = basic sea freight surcharge. Among them: "basic sea freight" is set by the shipping company and will not change within a certain period of time."Shipping"Surcharge" is divided into: fuel surcharge, port congestion surcharge, etc. Usually the price quoted by the freight forwarding company is the "ALLIN" price, which is the sum of the above two fees.
1. Basic freight
Basic Freight = Unit Basic Freight × Number of FCL
2. Port surcharge
Port surcharge 1 = unit port surcharge x number of whole containers (surcharge calculated by number of containers)
Port surcharge 2 = unit port surcharge x number of votes (surcharge calculated by number of votes) number of votes explanation: for example, you have arranged 2 20'GP for one vote of goods, one copyShippingThe bill of lading is classified as one vote.
2
LCL ocean freight calculation
ShippingLCL cost = whichever is greater by volume and weight.
1. Calculated by volume = basic freight per unit x total volume (unit of measurement: CBM-cubic number) (ShippingThe minimum charge in LCL is 1CBM, that is to say, if your goods are less than 1CBM, you have to charge 1CBM)
2. Calculated by weight = basic freight per unit × total gross weight (unit of measurement: TON-ton) (the minimum charge for LCL by sea is 1TON, that is to say, your goods are charged at 1TON if they are less than 1TON)
3. LCL surcharge calculation:
Port surcharge 1:= unit LCL surcharge × RT (surcharge calculated by RT)
Port surcharge 2:= unit LCL surcharge x number of votes (surcharge based on number of votes)
(Explanation of votes: For example, you have arranged 2 votes for one vote of goods.ShippingLCL goods, a sea way bill of lading is classified as one vote, generally this kind of situation is relatively small.)
Which sea freight to choose is more cost-effective
In general, which one to chooseShippingCost effectiveness depends on several factors:
1
Quantity and size of goods
If the number of goods is small and the size is small, the sea LCL may be more economical;
If the cargo is large in quantity and size, FCL may be more cost-effective.
2
Destination and distance
If the destination is far away andShippingFor a long time, the cost of the whole container sea freight is relatively low;
If the destination is close,ShippingLCL charges may be more economical.
3
Degree of time urgency
If time is tight and the goods need to be delivered to their destination as soon as possible, air transport may be a better option;
If time is relatively ample, shipping is a more economical option.
4
Required level of service
If a higher level of service is required (e. g. cargo tracking, insurance, etc.), FCL may be more appropriate;
If the service level is not high,ShippingLCL charges may be more economical.
Considering the above factors, you can choose the most cost-effective way of shipping according to the actual situation. Of course, when doing export business, you also need to pay attention to the packaging of the goods, the preparation of shipping documents and customs duties and other related matters.
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